Trade policy changes can shift who wins and who loses in global markets. When governments adjust tariffs, preferences or other trade costs, they change prices and competitive conditions. Some exporters gain advantages while others lose ground, reshaping trade flows and sourcing decisions.

Recent United States trade measures illustrate how these shifts play out in practice. A new report from UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) examines how uneven tariff increases are affecting access to the US market and what this means for developed, developing and least developed countries.